Thursday, May 7, 2015
Project Overview
The basis of the project is to compare the old world trade center to the newly constructed freedom tower. The task is to research the failings of the first world trade in the 9/11 attacks and see how the design was improved in the freedom tower. Also the design team is going to theoretically improve on the design of the freedom tower to see if further improvements can be made, such as anti natural disaster measures and an anti sway design.
Chen Sitong
Chen has come to study abroad from China. He was originally living in Beijing but is now here in Philadelphia. Chen is an environmental engineer at Drexel University.
sc3348@drexel.edu
chensitong0100@gmail.com
Liam Walsh
lsw43@drexel.edu
Kyle Breiman
Kyle is from Mahopac New York and is now attending Drexel University as a civil engineer with hopes to duel major in Architectural Engineering. He joined Drexel because he believed the engineering program here was on of the best he had seen as well as the co-op's and location of the university.
kjb336@drexel.edu
kylebreiman@gmail.com
Wednesday, May 6, 2015
Week 5
This week was used to talk about the foundation of the freedom tower, how we could start thinking of improvements and what the model would be created out of. It is slowly transitioning to the phase where we have to be conscious of our time because we are approaching the halfway mark.
Improvements
-Add a sway correcting pendulum to the top floor of the tower
-Waterproof the first two floors and increase the glass thickness so that the water pressure can not breach
-Put fish tanks on all the floors above 5 to relax the occupants of the building
[1] Foundation
-Strongest foundation in Manhattan
-Built to withstand 14,000 pounds per square inch
-3 times the strength of a home and 5 times the strength of a sidewalk
-24 jumbo steel columns 18 meters long and 64 metric tons for a total of 40,000 metric tons
-22,000 cubic yards
-An area was redone for performing 4,000 pounds per square inch short in a 6 inch section
[2]
Model
-We have known that we would 3D print a base for our model
-We will be creating parts to add onto the base model based on what altercation are made to the original design to improve the structure
The final piece of the freedom tower is the top section. This piece is similar to the middle section however it does not have a cylinder on the top of the the piece. This piece will connect with the middle piece to complete the 3-D model of the Freedom Tower. The dimensions for this piece are as follows: Height of 10in, the top square is 2in by 2in. The assembly of the tower and a better explanation of all the dimensions can be found in next weeks blog.
[1] http://jeffnorton.com/freedom-rising/
[2] http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2008-04-16-tower-concrete_N.htm
Week 4
The research for this week was centered around the important design aspects of skyscrapers in general. It was important for our group to gain an understanding of the basics of designing a building of this scale.
[2][1] Basics
- Elevator shaft serves as the central core
- There needs to be an adequate elevator to floor ratio allowing for effective movement through the building.
- Make occupants feel comfortable
- Area around the central elevator shaft is fortified by a steel truss braced by diagonal beams
-Some have more than one concrete core
-Lightweight steel skeleton
Balance
-Skyscrapers are so big that the building is expected to have some movement.
-improtant occupants do not notice swaying
-Wind compensation dampers
-Oil hydraulic systems push weights back and forth at the top to control the sway of the building
This basic information provides ideas on what is needed in the design of the Freedom Tower and how we can build off the previous design.
The second piece of the freedom tower is the mid section. The only reason the top part of the freedom tower is not just one solid piece is because the object would not fit in the 3-D printer. This piece has a cylinder on the top just like the previous week but it also has an open socket on the bottom for the base to easily connect to this piece. The dimensions for this piece are as follows: width 3.2in, length 3.2in, height 8.912in. The dimension for the socket on the bottom is a radius of 1.02in located at the center of the bottom face. The dimensions for the inverted triangles will be explained better in the blog 2 weeks from now.
[1] http://science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/structural/skyscraper.htm
[2] http://www.freedomwallpaper.com/city-wallpapers/new-york-skyscraper-1920x1080-wallpaper-4356/
Week 3
This week was spent looking at natural disasters and how they could affect structures in New York. The research we were able to do on the actual structure was not as easy to find as we had hoped so we started looking at what things would pose a threat to the integrity of the Freedom Tower. We also began the process of constructing a CAD model. We scaled the dimensions down by 750x so that it was easily portable.
Common issues that affect the building
-Gravity
-Fire
-Wind
-Water
[1] Hurricanes
-Manhattan is located near an ocean
-Hurricanes are getting worse due to global warming
- Floyd Winds: 60 mph
1999 Rain: Several inches of flash flooding
- Irene Winds: 65 mph
2011 Rain: 7 inches
- Sandy Winds: 85 mph
2012 Rain: 9.41ft
- All time high of winds from 100 -135 mph
This knowledge is important so that we know what the tower was built to stand firm through and how we can make improvements to the design based on the basic needs for structural integrity.
The first piece made was the base of the Freedom tower. This piece was relatively straight forward because it was just a square with a height a little smaller than the length and width. The cylinder on the top is just there to attach the other pieces together. The dimensions for the box are: length 3.2in, width 3.2in, height 2.976in. The dimensions of the cylinder are: radius of 1in, height of 1in and is located in the center of the square. These dimensions are exactly 750x times smaller than the actual dimensions
[2] All dimensions are based on the following actual dimensions of the building:
Length: 200ft
Width: 200ft
Height: 186ft
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